Makhalidwe Ofunika Kwambiri Onyamula Ma Crane Okwera Magalimoto

Crane wokwera pamagalimoto zonyamula katundu amapangidwa mwa kuphatikiza a crane yokwera pamagalimoto, pamodzi ndi machitidwe ake okhudzana ndi ma hydraulic ndi machitidwe oyendetsera ntchito, balance outriggers, ndi zipangizo zina zonyamulira, pagalimoto yonyamula katundu yopangidwa mwapadera (kapena galimoto yonyamula katundu, galimoto yosungira katundu, semi trailer, thalakitala ya semi-trailer, ndi zina.). Kuphatikizana kwa zigawozi kumapanga galimoto yokwanira komanso yogwira ntchito yomwe imatha kukweza bwino ndi kuyendetsa ntchito.

Galimoto yonyamula katundu yopangidwa mwapadera imapereka maziko ndi chithandizo chadongosolo lonse. Amapangidwa kuti athe kuthana ndi kulemera kowonjezera ndi kupsinjika komwe kumaperekedwa ndi crane ndi malipiro ake. Dongosolo la hydraulic limayang'anira kupanga mphamvu zofunikira ndikukakamiza kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka crane, pomwe machitidwe owongolera amalola kuwongolera kolondola komanso kotetezeka kwa ntchito zokweza. Mabalance outriggers amatsimikizira kukhazikika pakukweza, kuletsa galimoto kuti isadutse.

Pokhudzana ndi malo a bokosi la katundu (nsanja), ndi crane yokwera pamagalimoto akhoza kukhazikitsidwa m'njira zitatu zosiyana: wokwera kutsogolo, pakati-wokwera, ndi kumbuyo-wokwera.

(1) Wokwera kutsogolo: Crane imayikidwa pakati pa kabati ndi bokosi lonyamula katundu (nsanja). Kukweza kwa kasinthidwe kumeneku kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Komabe, imapereka mwayi wowonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito malo a bokosi lonyamula katundu, kuwonetsetsa kuti boom imatha kufikira malo onse mkati mwautali wololeza wololedwa komanso momwe zimayendera. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza pampu yamafuta a hydraulic ili pamalo otumizira kutsogolo kwa chassis, payipi yochokera ku hydraulic system kupita ku hydraulic system ya crane ndi yayifupi. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kukana kwa mapaipi komanso kufalikira pang'ono kwa ma hydraulic kuyerekeza ndi makonzedwe ena. Chifukwa chake, mtundu uwu makamaka anatengera ndi sing'anga ndi kuwala-ntchito crane yokwera pamagalimoto zonyamula katundu ndipo ndizofala kwambiri ndipo zili ndi zinthu zazikulu kwambiri pakati pawo crane yokwera pamagalimoto onyamula. Chifukwa cha kuyika patsogolo kwa crane, pokonzekera dongosolo lonse la galimoto, chidwi kwambiri chiyenera kuperekedwa popewa kuchulukitsitsa kwa ekseli yakutsogolo. Izi zimafuna kuganiziridwa mozama za kugawa kulemera ndi malire a axle katundu kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchito yotetezeka komanso yoyenera.

(2) Pakati-wokwera: Crane imayikidwa pakati pa bokosi lonyamula katundu (nsanja). Mphamvu yokweza yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imakhala mkati mwa 1 ku 3 matani ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto akulu akulu ndi apakatikati kapena ma semi trailer.. Maonekedwe ake agona pakukula kwaufupi, zomwe zimathandizira kagawidwe ka chitsulo cha axle ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zitsatidwe mosavuta ndi zofunikira ndikusunga malo oyambira agalimoto osasinthika. Ndendende chifukwa kukula kwake ndi kwakufupi komanso malo ozungulira amakhala ochepa, sichigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.

(3) Kumbuyo-wokwera: Crane imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa bokosi lonyamula katundu (nsanja). Kusintha kumeneku kumapezeka kawirikawiri mu semi-trailer crane yokwera pamagalimoto onyamula ndi aakulu crane yokwera pamagalimoto onyamula koma amapanga gawo laling'ono pakati crane yokwera pamagalimoto onyamula. Potengera dongosololi, kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo onyamula katundu kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwa boom kumakulitsidwa. Komabe, popeza crane ili kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo, zimakhudza kugawa kwa axle katundu wagalimoto yonse, kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwake ndi kuyendetsa bwino. Komanso, chimango chachikulu chimafuna kulimbikitsidwa kuti muthe kupirira zovuta zowonjezera ndi katundu.

Mapangidwe a boom a crane yokwera pamagalimoto onyamula akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: kuwongoka kwamphamvu ndi kupukutira.

Chowongoka chowongoka sichingapindikidwe ndipo motero chimafunika malo ochulukirapo okweza ndi kutsitsa katundu.. Imalephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za malo ogwirira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatani apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono. crane yokwera pamagalimoto onyamula.

Motsutsana, akamaliza ntchito yokweza, chopindika chopindika chikhoza kupindidwa bwino mu makona atatu opindika. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka maubwino angapo, kuphatikizapo malo otsika a mphamvu yokoka, kukhazikika koyendetsa galimoto, ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu pogwira ntchito m'malo ovuta. Mapangidwe a boom yopinda ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa ya boom yowongoka, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamatani apakatikati ndi akulu crane yokwera pamagalimoto onyamula, komanso m'matani ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati crane yokwera pamagalimoto onyamula omwe ali ndi zofunikira zenizeni komanso zovuta.

(1) Telescopic Boom: The telescopic boom akhoza kukhala ndi 2 magawo, 3 magawo, kapena zigawo zambiri, kutengera mtundu wa ntchito yokweza tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zofunikira. Kutha kukulitsa ndi kubweza zigawo kumapereka kusinthasintha pakufikira kutalika ndi kutalika kosiyanasiyana, kulola kuzolowera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zonyamula katundu.

(2) Operation Control System: Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya machitidwe owongolera ntchito: kuwongolera pamanja ndi kuwongolera opanda zingwe. Kuwongolera pamanja kumapereka kuyanjana kwachindunji komanso pompopompo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, pomwe kuwongolera opanda zingwe kumapereka ufulu woyenda komanso kuwongolera kosavuta, makamaka muzochitika zovuta kapena zazikulu zogwirira ntchito.

(3) Chipangizo chopachikika (chomata) pa mbali imodzi ya boom: Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosankha zomwe zilipo, monga mbedza (kuphatikiza ndi zingwe zolendewera), gwira (zikhadabo ziwiri, zikhadabo zambiri), kubowola (za kubowola), ndi ena ambiri. Zomata izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza katundu kapena nsanja zomangidwa ndi zingwe, mwachindunji kugwira makungwa a mitengo, njerwa zomangira, zinyalala zomanga ndi zinthu zina, kubowola pansi ndikuimika mizati/mitengo, ndi zina. Izi zimapangitsa kuti crane yokwera pamagalimoto transporter yoyenera madera osiyanasiyana monga mayendedwe, kumanga, ukhondo, mphamvu, nkhalango, kuyendera mlatho, chitetezo moto, kupulumutsa, ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Pamene cholumikizira chimafuna magwero amphamvu monga ma hydraulics ndi magetsi, zolumikizira mwachangu ziyenera kuperekedwa kumapeto kwa boom kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri kuti zithandizire kugwira ntchito mopanda msoko.. Mapeto owongolera a cholumikizira amatha kusankhidwa kuti aziwongolera kutali kapena kuwongolera waya, kutengera zomwe zikuchitika komanso zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito.

Pamene a crane yokwera pamagalimoto Transporter nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu, limapereka mwayi wopeza “kupha mbalame ziwiri ndi mwala umodzi”. Mwachindunji, pamalo onyamula ndi kutsitsa/kutsitsa, palibe chifukwa chochitira padera galimoto yonyamula katundu ndi crane yamagalimoto (foni crane). M'malo mwake, galimoto imodzi imatha kugwira ntchito zonse, kupulumutsa onse ogwira ntchito komanso nthawi komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito. Izi zadziwika kwambiri kumadera monga Europe ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku China, kumene njira zoyendetsera kayendetsedwe kabwino komanso zophatikizika zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.

Pomaliza, zofunika kamangidwe makhalidwe a crane yokwera pamagalimoto onyamula katundu amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira momwe amagwirira ntchito, magwiridwe antchito, ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa ndi kukhathamiritsa izi potengera zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti magalimotowa akugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso motetezeka m'mafakitale ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana..