Kodi mumadziwa bwanji za kapangidwe ka ma cranes okwera pamagalimoto?

The crane yokwera pamagalimoto, amadziwikanso kuti a “crane yokwera pamagalimoto wonyamula,” ndi chida chodabwitsa cha makina omwe ali ndi udindo waukulu m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Imakhala ndi zofananira ndi crane yamagalimoto koma imadzitamandira ndi zina zomwe zimayisiyanitsa. Sikuti imangokhala ndi luso lokweza, koma imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza ndi kutsitsa katundu. Panopa, anthu ambiri pamsika akusankha ndalama crane yokwera pamagalimotos. Lero, tiyeni tifufuze zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapanga makina amphamvu awa.

Kuphulika kwa a crane yokwera pamagalimoto ndi gawo lofunikira komanso lofunikira la kapangidwe kake. Nthawi zambiri, wapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mapangidwe awa amitundu yambiri amalola kusinthasintha pakufikira kutalika ndi kutalika kosiyanasiyana. Makina owonera telesikopu amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupangitsa kuti boom ikule ndikubwerera. Motsogozedwa ndi mndandanda wa zigawo zokonzedwa bwino, boom imatha kuyenda bwino mkati mwa boom yoyambira.

The telescoping mechanism ya crane yokwera pamagalimoto imakhala ndi masilindala asanu ochita kawiri-gawo limodzi ndi zida zake zothandizira. Masilindalawa adapangidwa kuti apereke mphamvu yofunikira kuti ikulitse ndikuchotsa magawo a boom. Silinda iliyonse ndi gawo lopangidwa mwaluso lomwe liyenera kugwira ntchito mosalakwitsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti crane ikuyenda bwino..

Kuwonjezera pa masilinda, makina a telescopic ali ndi valve balance valve. Vavu iyi imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Imawonetsetsa kuyang'ana kosalala kwa boom powongolera kutuluka kwamadzimadzi a hydraulic. Komanso, imagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo popewa ngozi zomwe zingachitike ngati payipi ya hydraulic itasweka mwangozi.. Ngati payipi yaphulika, valve balance imathandizira kukhalabe okhazikika ndi kuwongolera, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa crane ndi zinthu zozungulira.

Mwachitsanzo, ganiza a crane yokwera pamagalimoto pamalo omanga. Pamene woyendetsa akukulitsa boom kuti afike pamtunda wokweza katundu wolemera, makina owonera telesikopu ayamba kugwira ntchito. Ma cylinders amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti awonjezere bwino magawo a boom. Valve yokwanira imatsimikizira kuti njirayi imachitika popanda kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi kapena kusuntha kosalamulirika. Ngati payipi iyenera kuphulika panthawiyi, valavu ya balance ikanayamba kugwira ntchito, kuteteza chiwombankhanga kuti chisagwe kapena kuchititsa ngozi.

The luffing mechanism ndi gawo lina lofunika kwambiri la crane yokwera pamagalimoto. Imakankhidwa ndi silinda ya luffing ndipo imayang'anira kusintha kokwera kwa boom. Makinawa amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusintha momwe ma crane amagwirira ntchito. Mwa kusintha ngodya ya boom, woyendetsa akhoza kufika kutalika ndi mtunda wosiyana, kupangitsa crane kukhala yosinthika komanso yosinthika kumadera osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito.

Silinda ya luffing ilinso ndi valavu yokwanira, zofanana ndi makina a telescoping. Valve yokwanira iyi imatsimikizira kuyenda kosalala kwa boom. Imathandizira kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe ka luffing ndipo imapereka chitetezo chowonjezera ngati payipi ya hydraulic itaphulika mwangozi..

Njira yopangira luffing nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi masilinda angapo omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, silinda yoyamba ya luffing imayendetsedwa ndi silinda yoyamba ya luffing ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha mbali ya mkati mwa boom.. Silinda yachiwiri ya luffing imayendetsedwa ndi silinda yachiwiri ya mileme ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthira mbali yakunja kwa boom potengera kukula kwamkati.. Kukonzekera kovutirako kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwongolera bwino kwa malo a boom ndi mbali yake, kupangitsa kuti crane igwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokweza.

Mwachitsanzo, m'malo osungiramo zinthu, a crane yokwera pamagalimoto angafunike kufikira magawo osiyanasiyana a mashelufu kuti akweze ndi kutsitsa katundu. Makina a luffing amalola wogwiritsa ntchito kusintha mawonekedwe a boom mwachangu komanso molondola, kuwonetsetsa kuti katunduyo atha kukwezedwa bwino ndikuyikidwa pamalo omwe akufunidwa. Valve yokwanira pa silinda ya luffing imatsimikizira kuti izi zimachitika bwino komanso popanda mayendedwe osayembekezereka omwe angawononge katundu kapena crane..

Njira yophatikizira ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limapereka crane yokwera pamagalimoto luso lake lozungulira. Zimapangidwa ndi injini ya hydraulic ndi chochepetsera kupha. Pamodzi, zigawozi zimagwira ntchito kuyendetsa nsanja yowombera kuti izungulira mosalekeza. Izi zimathandiza kuti crane ifike mbali zosiyanasiyana popanda kusuntha galimoto yonse, kumawonjezera kusinthasintha kwake komanso kuchita bwino.

Thandizo lakupha ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la njira yophera. Amapangidwa ndi mphete yamkati, mphete yakunja, ndi mipira yozungulira yachitsulo yosamva kuvala yomwe ili pakati. Mphete yamkati imakhazikika pa chotulukapo, kupereka maziko okhazikika a kasinthasintha. Mphete yakunja imakhazikika ndi chosinthira cha crane. Pamene makina ophera atsegulidwa, mphete yakunja imayendetsedwa kuti izungulire ndi hydraulic motor ndi slewing reducer.

Mwachitsanzo, pamalo omanga pomwe madera angapo akufunika kuthandizidwa, makina ophera amalola kuti crane isinthe mwachangu ndikuyika boom kuti ifike kumadera osiyanasiyana. Mipira yachitsulo yosamva kuvala mu chithandizo chowombera imatsimikizira kusinthasintha kosalala ndikuchepetsa kukangana ndi kuvala.. Izi zimathandiza kuti crane igwire ntchito mosalekeza popanda kukonzanso pafupipafupi.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito a crane yokwera pamagalimoto ndi mawonekedwe omwe woyendetsa amawongolera ntchito zosiyanasiyana za crane. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi ma valve oyendetsa magalimoto apamwamba komanso otsika komanso zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimayikidwa mbali zonse za chimango.. Mavavu owongolera awa ndi zogwirira ntchito zidapangidwa mosamala kuti zipereke chiwongolero chanzeru komanso cholondola pamayendedwe a crane..

Pa bulaketi unsembe wa chogwirira, pali zizindikiro zowonetsera zochita za ma hydraulic actuators osiyanasiyana ndi mayendedwe awo. Izi zimathandiza wogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira kuti ndi chogwirizira chiti chomwe chimagwira ntchito komanso mbali yomwe kayendetsedweko kachitikira. Wogwira ntchitoyo akuyenera kugwira ntchito molingana ndi malo omwe ali nawo kuti awonetsetse kuti akugwira bwino ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kuwonjezera boom, amatha kuzindikira mosavuta chogwirira cholondola ndi njira yochokera pazizindikiro. Izi zimachepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti crane ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso motetezeka.

Nthawi zambiri, crane yokwera pamagalimotos ali okonzeka ndi outriggers. Otuluka awa amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa bata ndi chitetezo cha crane panthawi yokweza.. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya otuluka: zotulutsa zosunthika komanso zotulutsa zokhazikika.

Zotulutsa zosunthika zimapangidwa ndi zopingasa zopingasa ndi njira zosinthira zotuluka.. Pamene galimoto ili paulendo, zotulutsa zosunthika zidzabwezeredwa mu bokosi lokhazikika kuti muchepetse kukula kwagalimoto ndikuwongolera kuyenda kosavuta pamsewu.. Komabe, pogwira ntchito yonyamula katundu, otuluka adzatsegulidwa kuti apereke maziko okhazikika a crane.

Ntchito ya otuluka ndi kugawa mphamvu yokoka ya galimoto yonse mofanana. Pofalitsa kulemera kudera lalikulu, otuluka amaonetsetsa kuti crane simadumphira panthawi yokweza. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ponyamula katundu wolemetsa kapena kugwira ntchito pamalo osagwirizana.

Mwachitsanzo, pamalo omanga okhala ndi nthaka yofewa, otuluka akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti apereke kukhazikika kwina. The yopingasa outriggers kufalitsa kulemera chapambuyo, pamene vertical outrigger turnover njira zimatsimikizira kuti otuluka amalumikizana mwamphamvu ndi nthaka. Izi zimathandiza kuti crane isamire kapena kugwedezeka, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ntchito.

Chipangizo chochotsera mphamvu cha a crane yokwera pamagalimoto ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini yagalimoto kupita ku hydraulic system ya crane. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi kunyamuka kwamagetsi, kugwirizana shaft, pompa gear, ndi zigawo zina.

Mphamvu ya injini imafalikira ku mphamvu yochotsa mphamvu kudzera pamalumikizidwe angapo amakina. Kuchotsa mphamvu kumatumiza mphamvu iyi ku pompu yamagetsi. Pompo ya gear, panthawi yake, imatulutsa mafuta a hydraulic pansi pa kukakamizidwa kuyendetsa ma hydraulic actuators osiyanasiyana monga ma silinda ndi ma mota omwe amawongolera kuyenda kwa boom, ndondomeko ya luffing, makina ochapira, ndi outriggers.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene woyendetsa akuyambitsa ntchito pa crane, chipangizo chochotsera mphamvu chimayamba kugwira ntchito. Mphamvu ya injini imasamutsidwa ku pampu yamagetsi, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu ya hydraulic yofunikira kuti isunthire zigawo zoyenera. Kusamutsa mphamvu mosasunthika kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti crane igwire bwino ntchito.

Mapangidwe a crane yokwera pamagalimoto zingawoneke zovuta pang'ono poyang'ana koyamba, koma ndi kuphunzira mosamala ndi kumvetsetsa, zikuwonekeratu kuti chigawo chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa crane. Tsopano, mtengo wa crane yokwera pamagalimotos ndi yotsika mtengo, kuyipanga kukhala projekiti yoyika ndalama zoyenera kuganiziridwa kwa mabizinesi ambiri ndi anthu pawokha. Kaya ndizomanga, mayendedwe, kapena mafakitale ena, ndi tcrane yokhala ndi mphira ikhoza kupereka phindu lalikulu pakuchita bwino, kusinthasintha, ndi zokolola.