Izikhawuli zokulayisha kanye nezikhawuli zesikhathi sokulayisha zibizwa ngokuhlanganyela njengamadivayisi okuvikela ukugcwala kakhulu. Ukulayisha ngokweqile kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zoku i-crane izingozi. Ezimweni ezithambile, ukulayisha ngokweqile kungalimaza i-crane izingxenye, okubangela ukugcwala kwemoto kanye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungaphumela emishayweni ephukile, ukuwa kombhoshongo, ukuphuka kwengalo, noma ngisho nokugumbuqela umshini okuphelele. Ukusebenzisa idivayisi ebucayi kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa yokuvikela ukugcwala kakhulu kuyisinyathelo esisebenzayo sokuthuthukisa ukuphepha okungokwemvelo kwe i-cranes futhi kuvinjwe izingozi zokugcwala ngokweqile.
Imisebenzi Eyisisekelo Yemikhawulo Yomthwalo
- Umsebenzi Wokucindezela Umthwalo Onamandla
Idivayisi yokuvikela ukulayishwa ngokweqile kufanele ikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokugcwala kwangempela kanye nemithwalo eguquguqukayo ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kwe-crane., njengokwenyusa, ukubhuleka, kanye nokunyakaza. Uma umthwalo uvinjelwe noma ugxilwe phansi, idivayisi yokuvikela kufanele isebenze ngokushesha. Umthwalo oguquguqukayo owengeziwe obangelwa imisebenzi yokuphakamisa yinto engokwemvelo yokusebenza kwe-crane. Ukuze uvimbele ukuphazamiseka komthwalo oguqukayo, ubuchwepheshe bokubambezeleka bungasetshenziswa. Nokho, lokhu kubambezeleka kungase kudale indawo eyimpumputhe ekusebenzeni. Uma umthwalo ubambekile ngalesi sikhathi, ukungezwani entanjeni yocingo kungafinyelela ngokushesha ezingeni elilimaza i-crane. Ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umkhiqizo osebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kufanele ubhekane nalolu daba ngempumelelo. - Automatic Operation Umsebenzi
Idivayisi yokuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile kufanele yenze ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi yayo ekhethiwe ngaphansi kokusebenza okuvamile ngaphandle kokudinga izenzo ezengeziwe ezivela ku-opharetha we-crane. - Umsebenzi Womshuwalense Wokuphepha Ozenzakalelayo
Amadivayisi anconyiwe okuvikela kufanele afake umsebenzi wokuphepha ozenzakalelayo. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwangaphakathi, isistimu kufanele ikhiphe isignali ye-alamu ukuze yazise u-opharetha.
Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zemikhawulo Yomthwalo
Amadivayisi okuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile kwama-cranes angahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe emsebenzini kanye nendlela yesakhiwo:
Ukuhlelwa ngokomsebenzi:
- Uhlobo lokumisa oluzenzakalelayo
Lolu hlobo lwesikhawuli lumisa ukunyakaza kwe-crane ezindleleni ezingaphephile (njengokwenyusa, ukwandisa i-boom, noma ukwehlisa i-boom) lapho isisindo sokuphakamisa sidlula umthamo olinganiselwe. Nokho, ivumela ukunyakaza ngendlela ephephile. - Comprehensive Load Limiter
Lolu hlobo lukhipha isignali eyisixwayiso ezwakalayo noma ebonakalayo lapho isisindo sokuphakamisa sifinyelela cishe 90% yomthwalo olinganiselwe. Uma isisindo sokuphakamisa sidlula umthamo olinganiselwe, imisa ukunyakaza okungaphephile futhi icuphe i-alamu ngenkathi ivumela ukunyakaza ezindaweni eziphephile.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngeSistimu Yesakhiwo:
- Umkhawulo Womthwalo kagesi
Lolu hlobo luguqula amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi ukuze afinyelele ukuvikeleka kokugcwala ngokweqile. Ithola imithwalo yemishini futhi iyiguqule ibe amasignali kagesi ahambisanayo, ezibe sezikhuliswa, kuqhathaniswa, kusetshenziwe, futhi ihlaziywe. I-elekthronikhi, kagesi, i-electromechanical, futhi imikhawulo esekelwe kumakhompiyutha amancane iwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba. - Mechanical Load Limiter
Lolu hlobo luncike ekuguquleni amandla emishini kanye nokuxhumanisa ukushintsha ukuze kuvikelwe. Lezi zikhawuli zilula, usebenzisa ama-levers, amasondo e-eccentric, iziphethu, noma ama-hydraulic systems ukuthola imithwalo. Uma umkhawulo wokulayisha osethiwe weqiwe, inkinobho yokuhamba noma ivalvu yokulawula icushiwe ukuze kumiswe ukusebenza okungaphephile.
Ukubaluleka kwamadivayisi okuvikela ukulayishwa ngokweqile
Amadivayisi okuvikela ukulayisha ngokweqile abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwe-crane. Ngaphandle kwabo, ama-cranes angase asebenze ngaphezu kwemingcele yawo yokuklama, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuyinhlekelele. Ukuqaliswa kokunciphisa umthwalo kuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ivimbela ukulimala kwesakhiwo, inweba impilo ye-crane, futhi kunciphisa amazinga ezingozi.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko:
- Ivimba Ukwehluleka Kwesakhiwo: Igwema umonakalo ofana nokuqhekeka kwemishayo nokuwa kombhoshongo.
- Yehlisa Isikhathi Sokuphumula Sezisetshenziswa: Iqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokusebenza ngokuvimbela umonakalo.
- Ithuthukisa Ukuphepha Kwasemsebenzini: Yehlisa ubungozi bezingozi nokulimala.
- Ihambisana Nemithetho Yokuphepha: Ihlangabezana namazinga omkhakha wokuphepha kwe-crane.
Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile kumikhawulo yokulayisha
Izikhawuli zokulayisha zesimanje zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuyindida ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nokwethembeka. Ezinye intuthuko ebalulekile zihlanganisa:
- Amasistimu Asekelwe ku-Microprocessor: Ukucubungula okuthuthukisiwe kwedijithali kokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela nokulawula ukunemba.
- Ukuxhumana Okungenantambo: Ukuqapha okukude kanye namandla okudlulisa idatha.
- Ukuzihlonza kanye Nokunakekela Okuqagelayo: Amasistimu athola ukwehluleka okungenzeka ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinzwa Eziningi: Ukuhlanganisa ama-strain gauges, izinzwa zokucindezela, futhi ulayishe amaseli ukuze afundwe ngokunembile.
Ukugcina
Ama-cranes abalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo okuphephile kudinga ukuvikeleka okusebenzayo kokugcwala ngokweqile. Izinqamuli zomthwalo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izingozi, ukunciphisa umonakalo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yezokuphepha. Ngokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile, abaqhubi be-crane bangathuthukisa ukuphepha, nciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle sekukonke.
Okuthunyelwe Okuhlobene:
