Izilumkiso zokuPhakanyiswa kweMisebenzi ngeZixhobo zokuHoisting

Ukwandisa le seti yamanyathelo okhuseleko ekuphakamiseni imisebenzi ngezixhobo zokuphakamisa kuxwebhu olunamagama angama-2000., siya kuphonononga imiba eyongezelelweyo efana nokubaluleka kocwangciso lwangaphambili, iinkcazo ezineenkcukacha zezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi yokuphakamisa, kunye neengozi ezibandakanyekileyo. Ndiza kuchaza ngokubanzi iinkqubo zobugcisa, ezona zenzo zilungileyo, imimiselo yoshishino, kunye nemigangatho ekhokela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokunyusa. Nalu uhlobo olongeziweyo noluneenkcukacha lwesicatshulwa sakho:

Izilumkiso eziBanzi zoKhuseleko zokuPhakamisa ukusebenza ngokuSebenzisa iziXhobo zokuHoisting

Ukuphakamisa imisebenzi kwiiprojekthi zokwakha kunye nezoshishino zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthuthweni nasekubekeni imithwalo enzima. Nokuba iphakamisa amacandelo amakhulu olwakhiwo, oomatshini, okanye izixhobo, le misebenzi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwizixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yokuphakamisa ihlelwe njengemisebenzi enobungozi obuphezulu ngenxa yeendawo ezinzima, imithwalo enzima, kunye nobunzima bobugcisa obubandakanyekayo. Iingozi ngexesha lokuphakanyiswa zingabangela ukwenzakala okukhulu, umonakalo kwipropati, kunye nokulibaziseka kweprojekthi. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda kunye nokubambelela kumanyathelo okhuseleko kubalulekile kubo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo.

La macandelo alandelayo anikezela ngezikhokelo ezicacileyo kunye nezilumkiso zokuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwemisebenzi yokuphakamisa.

1. UCwangciso lwaPhambi kokuSebenza kunye noVavanyo loMngcipheko

Ukubaluleka koCwangciso lwaPhambi kokuSebenza

Imisebenzi yokuphakamisa esebenzayo iqala ngocwangciso olucokisekileyo. Ulwakhiwo olwakhiwe kakuhle okanye iplani yokuphakamisa iyimfuneko, echaza imisebenzi ethile, izixhobo, abasebenzi, kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko abandakanyekayo. Esi sicwangciso kufuneka silungelelaniswe neempawu zomthwalo, uhlobo lwe ikhreyini okanye isixhobo sokuxhoma esisetyenziswayo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nobunzima bokusebenza.

Imiba ephambili ekufuneka ifakwe kwisicwangciso saphambi kokusebenza:

• Iinkcukacha zomthwalo: Ukuqonda ubungakanani, ubunzima, ukumila, kunye nombindi womxhuzulane wento eza kunyuswa ibalulekile ekukhetheni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokunyusela kunye nokumisela ukuzinza komthwalo ngexesha lokunyuswa..
• UKhetho lweZixhobo: I ikhreyini okanye isixhobo sokuphakamisa kufuneka sikhethwe ngokusekelwe kumthamo waso womthwalo, uluhlu lokusebenza, kunye nokufaneleka kweemeko zesayithi.
• Isabelo saBasebenzi: Abasebenzi abafanelekileyo kufuneka babelwe iindima ezithile, kuquka ikhreyini abaqhubi, izixhobo zokusebenza, ababonisi, kunye nabaphathi.
• Iingqwalasela zeMozulu: Iimeko zemozulu kufuneka ziqikelelwe kwaye ziqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yocwangciso, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yangaphandle.

IiNgcaciso zoKhuseleko

Phambi kwawo nawuphi na umsebenzi wokuphakamisa, Ukwaziswa ngokhuseleko nobugcisa kufuneka kuqhutywe nabo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo. Ezi zishwankathelo kufuneka zibandakanye:

• Iindima kunye noxanduva: Indima yomntu ngamnye kufuneka ichazwe ngokucacileyo, ngakumbi umalathisi wokuphakamisa, ikhreyini umsebenzisi, kunye nabasebenzi abarhwebi.
• IiProtokholi zoNxibelelwano: Ukuseka imiqondiso yesandla ecacileyo okanye iinkqubo zonxibelelwano zikanomathotholo phakathi komqondiso kunye ne ikhreyini umsebenzisi.
• Iinkqubo eziNgxamisekileyo: Phonononga amanyathelo ekufuneka uwathathile xa kukho ukusilela kwesixhobo, utshintsho lwemozulu, okanye iingozi ngexesha lomsebenzi wokunyusa.

2. Ukusekwa kweMimandla yoKhuseleko kunye neNkqubo yeZilumkiso

Ukudala iNdawo yokuSebenza eKhuselekileyo

Elinye lamanyathelo abalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko ngexesha lemisebenzi yokuphakamisa kukusekwa kwendawo yokhuseleko ejikeleze indawo yokunyusela.. Lo mmandla kufuneka ucandwe ngemiqondiso ebonakalayo kunye nezithintelo zokuthintela ukungena kwabasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga.. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi okanye apho imithwalo enzima ihanjiswayo, ukuba nomphathi okanye abasebenzi bokhuseleko abakhoyo ukunyanzelisa imithetho yokhuseleko kubalulekile.

Iindawo zokhuseleko kufuneka ziyilwe ngokuqwalasela:

• UkuCoca malunga neNdawo yokuPhakamisa: Qinisekisa ukuba i ikhreyinibhum, hook, kunye nomthwalo unemvume eyaneleyo yokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle komngcipheko wokungqubana nezakhiwo okanye abasebenzi.
• Iindawo eziKhethekileyo: Ezi ziindawo ezichongiweyo apho kungekho basebenzi okanye izixhobo kufuneka zibe khona ngexesha lomsebenzi wokunyusa, ngakumbi ngokuthe ngqo phantsi komthwalo okanye ikhreyini qhuma.
• Iimpawu ezilumkisayo: Imiqondiso ecacileyo kufuneka ibonise imingcipheko kwindawo leyo, kuquka imithwalo ephezulu, oomatshini abahambayo, kunye nemimandla ethintelweyo.

3. Abasebenzi abafanelekileyo kunye neeMfuno zeSiqinisekiso

AbaSebenzi abafanelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi

Imisebenzi yokuphakamisa kufuneka yenziwe kuphela ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo nabaqinisekisiweyo. Umsebenzisi we ikhreyini okanye isixhobo sokuphakamisa kufuneka sibambe isiqinisekiso esisebenzayo sokusebenzisa eso sixhobo sikhethekileyo. Ukongeza kwi ikhreyini umsebenzisi, izikhuseli kunye nemiqondiso ebandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo kufuneka ibe noqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokhuseleko.

Isatifikethi kunye noqeqesho kufuneka lubandakanye:

• Ukusebenza kweCrane: Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka bayazi imida yokusebenza kwesixhobo, kuquka umthamo womthwalo, isantya sokuphakamisa, kunye neendlela zokhuseleko.
• Uqeqesho lweRigger: IiRiggers kufuneka zibe nobuchule kwiindlela zokukhusela umthwalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izilingi, amakhamandela, kunye namagwegwe asetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo.
• Uqeqesho lweMiqondiso: Iisignali kufuneka zizazi kakuhle imiqondiso yezandla eqhelekileyo kunye nonxibelelwano lukanomathotholo, ukubavumela ukuba balathise i ikhreyini umsebenzisi ngempumelelo.

4. Izikhundla eziKhuselekileyo zokuSebenza kunye nokuKhuselwa koMthwalo

Isikhundla esiKhuselekileyo kuBasebenzi

Abasebenzi abasebenza ngokujikeleza izixhobo zokuphakamisa kufuneka bahlale bekhetha izikhundla ezikhuselekileyo ezibagcina bengekho engozini. Abasebenzi bangaze bame okanye bahambe phantsi komthwalo, kwaye abo basebenzisa i-winch okanye i-pulley system kufuneka bakuphephe ukuma apho iingcingo zidlula ngaphezulu.

• Ukunqanda iNdlela yokuJingi: Indlela yokujingi yomthwalo kunye ikhreyini i-boom kufuneka ihlale icacile kubasebenzi ngamaxesha onke ukunqanda iingozi.
• Ukukhusela Umthwalo: Umthwalo kufuneka udityaniswe ngokukhuselekileyo kwisixhobo sokuxhoma usebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokurhweba. Oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezilingi, amakhamandela, namagwegwe. Iziko lomthwalo womxhuzulane kufuneka lichongwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe uzinzo ngexesha lokunyuswa.

“Ishumi le-No-Lift” Imigaqo

Ezilandelayo “Ishumi le-No-Lift” imithetho kufuneka ilandelwe ngokungqongqo ukuthintela iingozi ngexesha ikhreyini imisebenzi:

1. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba ubunzima bomthwalo awazi okanye budlula ikhreyiniamandla.
2. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba umthwalo awuqinisekiswanga ngokukhuselekileyo okanye uzinzile.
3. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba kukho abantu phantsi okanye kufutshane nomthwalo.
4. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba kukho imiqobo kwi- ikhreyiniindlela yokujika.
5. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba i ikhreyini okanye izixhobo zokuphakamisa azisebenzi.
6. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba iimeko zemozulu azikhuselekanga (umz., imimoya ephezulu, imvula enzima).
7. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba ukubonakala kukwimeko embi, ukuthintela umyalelo ocacileyo kunye nolawulo.
8. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba umthwalo awulingani okanye uqhutywe ngendlela engafanelekanga.
9. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi komsebenzisi kunye nomqondiso awucacanga.
10. Musa ukuphakamisa ukuba kukho abasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga kwindawo yokunyusa.

5. Izixhobo zoKhuseleko oluthe ngqo

Manual Chain Hoist

Iihoists zekhonkco ezenziwe ngezandla zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwimisebenzi yokunyusa, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokukhuselekileyo kuxhomekeke kuqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nobuchule. Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka bahlole i-hoist phambi kokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthwalo ubotshwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye amatyathanga akwimeko entle..

• Ukusebenza okugudileyo: Xa utsala ityathanga, kuphephe ukuxhuzula okunokuthi kuphazamise umthwalo. Ukuba ikhonkco alihambi ngokulula, phanda unobangela kunokuba usebenzise amandla agqithisileyo.
• Umthwalo womthwalo: Ungaze ugqithise umthamo womthwalo wekhonkco lekhonkco lokunyuswa, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba i-ankile ngokukhuselekileyo phambi kokuphakanyiswa.

Lever Hoist

I-Lever hoists isetyenziselwa ukutsala okanye ukuphakamisa imithwalo emincinci, nanjengemixokelelwane, ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokukhuselekileyo kufuna uqeqesho kunye nokuhlolwa ngenyameko.

• Ukuhlola iClamp yokuZitshixa: Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, qinisekisa ukuba ibamba elizitshixayo libamba intambo yocingo ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye lihamba ngokulinganayo. Ukuba i-clamp ayisebenzi kakuhle, i-hoist ayifanele isetyenziswe.
• Ukuphakanyiswa ngokuthe ngcembe: Kuphephe ukunyakaza ngokukhawuleza xa usebenzisa i-lever hoist, kwaye ugcine isantya esizinzileyo ukuthintela ukungazinzi komthwalo.

UJack

IiJacks zisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa imithwalo enzima, kunye nokubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo. Umphezulu wejack kufuneka ube mcaba kwaye uqine ukuthintela ukuzika okanye ukugoba.

• Uzinzo: Sebenzisa iiplati zokhuni okanye zetsimbi phantsi kwejack ukubonelela ngesiseko esizinzile. Qinisekisa ukuba umphezulu wejekhi uqhagamshela indawo erhabaxa ukuthintela ukutyibilika.
• UkuPhakanyiswa okulinganayo: Unyuse umthwalo ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala ilungelelene kwaye ijekhi ayithambeki. Ukuba umthwalo uqala ukuncika, yeka ukusebenza kwaye ulungelelanise indawo yejack.

6. UGcino oluKhuselekileyo lweMixholo kunye neMathiriyeli

Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokupakisha

Xa ugcina amacandelo okanye izinto eziya kuphakanyiswa, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zipakishwe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo ukuthintela iingozi.

• Inqanaba kunye noMhlaba oLuqilima: Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ibe kwinqanaba kwaye ikwazi ukuxhasa ubunzima bamacandelo. Kuphephe ukubeka imithwalo enzima kumhlaba ongalinganiyo okanye othambileyo, enokubangela ukuba isitaki siwe.
• Ukuzinzisa isitaki: Sebenzisa iiplanga zokhuni ukuzinzisa amacandelo, kwaye unciphise umphakamo wesitaki ukuba ungagqithi 1.6 iimitha zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokubetha. Kwiimeko apho uzinzo olongezelelweyo lufuneka, sebenzisa izixhaso okanye iziqhoboshi.
• Indawo yokuKhethela: Abasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga kufuneka bagcinwe kude nendawo yokugcina ukuphepha iingozi ezibangelwa kukuwa okanye ukuwa kwamalungu..

7. Iimeko zeMozulu kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo

Izithintelo zeMozulu

Imisebenzi yokunyusa akufanele yenziwe kwiimeko zemozulu ezimbi, njengomoya, imvula, ikhephu, nenkungu yonke inokunyusa umngcipheko weengozi.

• Iimeko zomoya: Imisebenzi yokuphakamisa kufuneka inqunyanyiswe ukuba isantya somoya singaphezulu kwinqanaba lesithandathu (malunga nama-40–50 km/h). Imimoya ebhudla ngamandla inokubangela ukuba umthwalo ujiwuze ngokungalawulekiyo, ukubeka abasebenzi emngciphekweni kunye noxinzelelo ikhreyiniamandla.
• Imvula kunye nekhephu: Imvula nekhephu zinokwenza umhlaba umtyibilizi, ukwandisa umngcipheko wokuwa kunye neengozi. Ukongeza, iimeko ezimanzi kunokunciphisa ingxabano phakathi ikhreyiniamacandelo kunye nomthwalo, okukhokelela ekungazinzini.
• Inkungu kunye nokubonakala okuphantsi: Ukubonakala kakubi kuyayonakalisa ikhreyini ukukwazi komsebenzisi ukubona umthwalo kunye nokusingqongileyo okungqongileyo, ukwenza kube nzima ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Imisebenzi yokuphakamisa kufuneka ihlehliswe de ukubonakala kuphuculwe.

8. IiNkqubo zoKhuseleko emva kokuSebenza

Ukukhusela izixhobo emva kokusetyenziswa

Emva kokuba umsebenzi wokuphakamisa ugqityiwe, kubalulekile ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo i ikhreyini kunye nokuphakamisa izixhobo zokuthintela iingozi ngexesha lokuphumla.

• Ukwehlisa Umthwalo: Emva kokuba umthwalo ubekwe ngokukhuselekileyo, yehlisa i ikhreyini's boom kwaye ukhusele ihuku ukuyinqanda ukuba ingajingi.
• Ukuhlola Izixhobo: Ukuqhuba uhlolo emva kokusebenza kwezixhobo zokunyusa kunye ikhreyini ukuchonga nakuphi na ukunxitywa okanye umonakalo onokuthi wenzeke ngexesha lomsebenzi. Tshintsha okanye ulungise naziphi na izinto ezingalunganga phambi kokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
• Ukucoca iSiza: Coca indawo yokusebenza kuyo nayiphi na inkunkuma, izixhobo, okanye izinto ezinokubeka ingozi kubasebenzi ngexesha lokusebenza kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuqukumbela: Ukubeka phambili uKhuseleko kwiMisebenzi yokuPhakamisa

Ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yokuphakamisa luxhomekeke kwindibaniselwano yokucwangcisa ngokucokisekileyo, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yoshishino. Ngokulandela la manyathelo okhuseleko, iindawo zokwakha zinokuwunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kwaye ziqinisekise ngokugudileyo, imisebenzi yokuphakamisa esebenzayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, unxibelelwano olucacileyo, kunye nonyanzeliso olungqongqo lwezowuni zokhuseleko zonke ngamacandelo abalulekileyo omsebenzi wokuphakanyiswa okuyimpumelelo. Ukongeza, uqeqesho lwarhoqo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwabasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yokunyusa kubalulekile ukugcina indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo.

Ukuququmbela, imisebenzi yokuphakamisa iyingozi ngokwendalo kodwa inokwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngokucwangcisa ngononophelo, ulongamelo lobuchwephesha, kunye nokubambelela kwiiprothokholi zokhuseleko ezisekiweyo. Ukhuseleko luhlala luhamba phambili, nangokuphumeza la manyathelo okhuseleko, sinokukhusela abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umsebenzi wokuphakamisa uyagqitywa ngaphandle kwesiganeko.